Case Treatment Annotations

A QuickCITE case treatment annotation appears below each case name in the Citing Cases section of a QuickCITE case or legislation citation record. The following table identifies these annotations and their meanings:

Case Citation Records

Annotation	Explanation
Distinguished	Cited case is held to be inapplicable due to a difference in fact or law.
Explained	Citing case adds to, expands upon, or interprets cited case. The cited case is not decisive, but is given some kind of consideration.
Followed	Citing case in a majority or plurality opinion applies a principle of law from the cited case. The judge expressly relies on the cited case as a precedent on which to base a decision.
Followed in minority opinion	Citing case, in an opinion other than a majority, plurality, or dissent, applies a principle of law from the cited case.
Cited	Case is cited and may receive a more substantive treatment within 72 hours for recently added cases.
Cited in dissenting opinion	Case is cited in a dissenting opinion.
Mentioned	Citing case provides no more information about the cited case than what is available in the cited case itself.
Not Followed	Citing case overrules or refuses to apply the cited case for some reason other than it was distinguishable.
Questioned	Citing case criticizes the conclusion or reasoning of the cited case, without refusing to follow it. Alternatively, legislation in force at the time the cited case was decided has been amended to the extent that the cited case might have been decided differently under the amended legislation.

Legislation Citation Records

Annotation	Explanation
Unconstitutional	The cited section was determined to be unconstitutional.
Constitutionality Discussed	The constitutionality of the cited section is discussed but was not determined by the court to be unconstitutional.
Pursuant To	The action was brought pursuant to the cited section.
Considered	The cited section was analyzed or interpreted by the court.
Referred To	The cited section is referred to with no further discussion.
Cited	The section was cited and may contain a stronger judicial treatment.
Citations	Click one of the Citations links to view full texts of citing cases.